ABSTRACT
La adopción de formas de consumo y producción sostenibles de alimentos es una necesidad imperiosa, debido a las consecuencias adversas que los sistemas alimentarios actuales tienen para la salud y el planeta. A pesar de que estudios muestran que las personas valoran un menor efecto de la dieta en el ambiente, desconocen cómo evaluar su impacto en este sentido. Esta revisión cualitativa buscó la existencia de indicadores o herramientas que permitan evaluar la sustentabilidad de preparaciones culinarias como parte de una dieta sostenible. Se incluyen definiciones, abordajes y formas de medir y evaluar tanto la dieta como la gastronomía sustentable a nivel mundial y nacional. La búsqueda de artículos científicos se realizó en las bases de datos Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y SciELO utilizando como palabras claves "dietas sustentables", "dietas sostenibles", "ecogastronomía", "sustainability assessment", "out of home meals", "sustainable gastronomy", "sustainable diet", "sustainable healthy diets", "sustainability indicators", "sustainable indicators", "sustainability index", "sustainable diets index", "dietas sustentáveis". Toda dieta tiene un impacto en el medio ambiente, sin embargo, factores como su composición y formas de producción determinan la magnitud de dicho impacto. Un tema central gira en torno a las metodologías para medir, analizar y evaluar los diferentes aspectos que componen la sostenibilidad de las dietas, existiendo escasa evidencia respecto de herramientas que permitan calificar las preparaciones culinarias según su nivel de sustentabilidad. Por esto, se requiere mayor investigación en la materia con el propósito de contribuir en la adopción de dietas saludables y sostenibles por parte de la población.
The adoption of sustainable forms of consumption and production is an imminent need due to the adverse consequences that current food systems have on health and the planet. Although studies show that people value a lesser effect of diet on the environment, they do not know how to evaluate its impact in this sense. This qualitative literature review investigated the existence of indicators or tools to assess the sustainability of culinary preparations as part of a sustainable diet. Definitions, approaches, and ways of measuring and evaluating sustainable diets and sustainable gastronomy at the global and national levels were included. The search for scientific articles was carried out in the Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SciELO databases using as keywords "sustainable diets", "sustainable diets", "ecogastronomy", "sustainability assessment", "out of home meals", "sustainable gastronomy", "sustainable diet", "sustainable healthy diets", "sustainability indicators", "sustainable indicators", "sustainability index", "sustainable diets index", "dietas sustentáveis". Every diet has an impact on the environment, however, factors such as its composition and forms of production determine the magnitude of this impact. A central issue revolves around the methodologies to measure, analyze and evaluate the different aspects that make up the sustainability of diets, and there is little evidence regarding tools to qualify culinary preparations according to their level of sustainability. Therefore, further research is required in this area in order to contribute to the adoption of healthy and sustainable diets by the population.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo evaluate the main structural and content features of four instruments for motor function and motor ability assessment and their psychometric properties for children and adolescents with disabilities, based on International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY). MethodsPubMed, Medline and Web of Science databases were searched for literature on motor function and motor ability assessment for children and adolescents with disabilities published from establishment to May, 2023. The main structural and content characteristics of the tools were analyzed using ICF-CY, and the quality of measurement tools was assessed using COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN). ResultsNine papers were eventually included, and four assessment tools were identified, including Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88), Peabody Developmental Motor Scales second edition (PDMS-2), Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency second edition (BOT-2), and Movement Assessment Battery for Children second edition (MABC-2). The GMFM-88 consisted of 88 items in five dimensions: zone A (lying and rolling), zone B (sitting), zone C (crawling and kneeling), zone D (standing), and zone E (walking and running and jumping); it involved joint movement function (b710), random movement control function (b760), etc., in body function; and the change of basic body posture to maintain a body posture (d410) and maintain a body posture (d415) in activity and participation, with good to excellent levels of internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, and structural validity. The PDMS-2 consisted of six subtests, including reflexes, posture, movement, physical manipulation, grasping and visuomotor integration, with a total of 249 items; it involved memory function (b144) and joint mobility function (b710) in body function; as well as looking (d110) and imitation (d130) in activity and participation; with good psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, structural validity, and hypothesis testing and cross-cultural feasibility. There are two versions of BOT-2: long form and short form. The long form consisted of eight subtests with 53 items, involving joint mobility function (b710) and joint stability function (b715) in body function; as well as imitation (d130) and learned calculation (d150) in activity and participation; it achieved excellent levels of psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency reliability, content validity, and structural validity, and good level in reliability and test-retest reliability. MABC-2 consisted of two parts: an activity ability test and a checklist with 30 items; it involved joint mobility function (b710), joint stability function (b715), etc., in body function; as well as fine-hand use (d440), hand and arm use (d445) in activity and participation; with good psychometric properties such as reliability, content validity, and structural validity. ConclusionThis systematic review analyzed the main structural and content characteristics of four types of measurement tools for assessing motor function and motor ability in children and adolescents with disabilities based on the ICF-CY, and evaluated the quality of psychometric properties (internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, structural validity, and cross-cultural consistency, etc.) of the four types of measurement tools using the COSMIN criteria. For the structure and content, PDMS-2 appears the broadest content, and measures fine hand movements, dynamic and static balance, along with the BOT-2 and MABC-2. GMFM-88 focuses more on gross motor functions such as postural control. Four instruments show high internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity and structural validity, while the BOT-2 and PDMS-2 show better reliability. To ensure the reliability and validity of the measures, rehabilitation workers and educators need to receive standardized training and qualification before using the standardized instruments for motor function and motor ability for children with disabilities. With norm-referenced measures, the results need to be converted to standard scores.
ABSTRACT
The rise of internet thinking, along with the growing acceptance of the " patient-centered" concept, has played a significant role in driving the development of electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) in the field of clinical evaluation. While several large-scale and well-established ePROs evaluation systems have been widely adopted and implemented worldwide, China has lagged behind in ePROs research and electronic application. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to comprehensively analyze and summarize the concepts, types, characteristics, state of development, and application of ePROs. Specifically, it focuses on analyzing the structure and content of ePROs evaluation network systems in the United States, France, and the United Kingdom. The ultimate objective is to provide insightful analysis and useful suggestions to aid in the development and evolution of ePROs in China.
ABSTRACT
The Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) pertains to patients' subjective contentment concerning their physical, psychological, and social well-being throughout disease treatments. Predominantly employed HRQoL metrics in spinal metastases comprise the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), EuroQoL Five Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G). In clinical applications, due to their broad application and diverse disease types, combined with the lack of specificity in the scale content and the prolixity of their questionnaires, these tools often fail to capture the nuanced experiences of patients, thereby compromising the reliability and validity of the results. The Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire (SOSGOQ), developed by the Spine Oncology Study Group, offers a tailored metric for spinal metastases, encapsulating both specificity and inclusivity. Its proven robust reliability and validity make it invaluable for decision-making and therapeutic efficacy appraisals. The Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS), a novel metric suitable across many medical disciplines, facilitates cross-sector data acquisition, substantially augmenting the precision, sensitivity, and credibilityof assessments, and is pivotal in clinical investigations and interventions. As it continually evolves, PROMIS consistently outperforms traditional metrics in evaluative capacities, exhibiting impressive and consistent proficiency in prognostications, preoperative assessments, and therapeutic outcome evaluations within the spinal metastasis domain. Presently, Chinese research on the HRQoL of spinal metastasis patients remains scant, and choosing an apt, precise, and dependable metric holds significant clinical relevance. Drawing upon extant scholarly publications, this review concluded the current global HRQoL tools for spinal metastases, aiming to furnish insights for the clinical management and research pertaining to spinal metastases.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#With the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for social distancing presents an apparent barrier to in-clinic consultation. Therefore, the adoption of telerehabilitation has rapidly increased to improve access and minimize cross-infection risk to patients. Nevertheless, Filipino pediatric physical therapists must ensure that they conduct evidence-based procedures for specific tests and measures to determine patient outcomes. The utilization of outcome measurement tools (OMTs) enhances the quality of assessment in clinical decision-making and provides a credible and reliable justification for treatment on an individual patient level. However, a lack of information on utilizing OMTs in telerehabilitation by pediatric physical therapists internationally and locally is evident@*OBJECTIVE@#To determine the most common pediatric OMTs used in telerehabilitation by Filipino pediatric physical therapists catering to 0 to 21-year-olds in the Philippines.@*METHODS@#The study will use an adapted questionnaire to gather data on common OMTs used during pediatric telerehabilitation. Phase I will include the validation of the 15-item adapted questionnaire by determining the content validity index. In Phase II, participants will be recruited through email and social media. Descriptive statistics will be used to report participants' responses@*EXPECTED RESULTS@#In Phase I, the expected result is a valid and reliable questionnaire to investigate the common OMTs used in pediatric telerehabilitation for Phase II. The results will be synthesized to inform other researchers and clinicians and encourage nonusers to utilize OMTs despite the challenge of the pandemic. The study can give insights to stakeholders on what OMTs optimize pediatric telerehabilitation.
ABSTRACT
Social exclusion is a concept that has been discussed and debated in many disciplines in recent decades. In 2006 the WHO Social Exclusion Knowledge Network published a report detailing their work explaining the relevance of social exclusion to the domain of health. As part of that work, the authors formulated a complex definition of social exclusion that has proven difficult to adapt or operationalize in healthcare settings. We looked at this WHO work, and at other published evidence, and decided that social exclusion is a concept that is worth measuring at the individual level in healthcare settings. We suggest that the primary healthcare space, in particular, is an ideal setting in which to do that measurement. We have examined existing social exclusion measurement tools, and scrutinised the approaches taken by their authors, and the various domains they measured. We now propose to develop and validate such a tool for use in primary healthcare settings.
A exclusão social é um conceito que tem sido discutido e debatido em muitas disciplinas nas últimas décadas. Em 2006, a Rede de Conhecimento de Exclusão Social da OMS publicou um relatório detalhando seu trabalho explicando a relevância da exclusão social para o domínio da saúde. Como parte desse trabalho, os autores formularam uma definição complexa de exclusão social que se mostrou difícil de adaptar ou operacionalizar nos contextos de saúde. Analisamos esse trabalho da OMS e outras evidências publicadas, e decidimos que a exclusão social é um conceito que vale a pena medir no nível individual nos contextos de saúde. Sugerimos que o espaço da atenção primária à saúde, em particular, seja um cenário ideal para fazer essa medição. Examinamos as ferramentas de medição de exclusão social existentes e examinamos as abordagens adotadas por seus autores e os vários domínios que mediram. Propomos agora desenvolver e validar essa ferramenta para uso em ambientes de atenção primária.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#The purpose of the research was to draw up the questionnaire of the integrated services demand for medicine, pension, rehabilitation and care of community elderly and to provide elderly people with a effective tool for evaluating the needs of medicine, pension, rehabilitation and care.@*Methods@#The theoretical framework of the questionnaire was based on the qualitative interview results of 12 community elderly and community health care workers. A preliminary draft was formed through two rounds of expert consultation and a preliminary survey of 102 elderly people in 3 communities in Taian. Construct validity was used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient and split half reliability were used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire.@*Results@#Sixteen experts were invited to conduct two rounds of consultation on 61 items of the questionnaire. The authoritative coefficient of experts was 0.881, and the positive coefficient of experts was 100%. In the first round, items I-CVI, S-CVI/UA and S-CVI/Ave were 0.68-1.00, 0.72 and 0.83, respectively. Seven items were modified, six items were deleted and three items were added. In the second round, one item was deleted and one item was added, and a questionnaire consisting of seven dimensions and 58 items was formed.7 common factors were extracted from exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate was 63.078%. Finally, 7 dimensions and 51 item questionnaires were formed. Each dimension is the community public health service and general services, health education, pension services, rehabilitation services, family beds, service charges The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.919, the Cronbach' s alpha coefficient of each dimension was 0.615-0.808, the retest reliability coefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.862.and the Guttman half coefficient is 0.865. The total questionnaire CVI was 0.85 and the item CVI was 0.80-1.00. Item analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of the 7 items were lower than 0.3, and the rest were all between 0.3~0.7, and were significantly correlated at P<0.05 level.@*Conclusion@#The questionnaire of the integrated services demand for medicine, pension, rehabilitation and care of community elderly had good reliability and validity, and it could be used to evaluate the needs of medicine, pension, rehabilitation and care in the elderly.
ABSTRACT
Objective The purpose of the research was to draw up the questionnaire of the integrated services demand for medicine, pension, rehabilitation and care of community elderly and to provide elderly people with a effective tool for evaluating the needs of medicine, pension, rehabilitation and care. Methods The theoretical framework of the questionnaire was based on the qualitative interview results of 12 community elderly and community health care workers. A preliminary draft was formed through two rounds of expert consultation and a preliminary survey of 102 elderly people in 3 communities in Taian. Construct validity was used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, and Cronbach 's alpha coefficient and split half reliability were used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. Results Sixteen experts were invited to conduct two rounds of consultation on 61 items of the questionnaire. The authoritative coefficient of experts was 0.881, and the positive coefficient of experts was 100% . In the first round, items I-CVI, S-CVI/UA and S-CVI/Ave were 0.68-1.00, 0.72 and 0.83, respectively. Seven items were modified, six items were deleted and three items were added. In the second round, one item was deleted and one item was added, and a questionnaire consisting of seven dimensions and 58 items was formed.7 common factors were extracted from exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate was 63.078%. Finally, 7 dimensions and 51 item questionnaires were formed. Each dimension is the community public health service and general services, health education, pension services, rehabilitation services, family beds, service charges The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.919, the Cronbach' s alpha coefficient of each dimension was 0.615-0.808, the retest reliability coefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.862.and the Guttman half coefficient is 0.865. The total questionnaire CVI was 0.85 and the item CVI was 0.80-1.00. Item analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of the 7 items were lower than 0.3, and the rest were all between 0.3~0.7, and were significantly correlated at P<0.05 level. Conclusion The questionnaire of the integrated services demand for medicine, pension, rehabilitation and care of community elderly had good reliability and validity, and it could be used to evaluate the needs of medicine, pension, rehabilitation and care in the elderly.
ABSTRACT
Hoy en día la medición es una herramienta que el ser humano ha utilizado para casi cualquier actividad por muy trivial que ésta sea. En el caso de la alta gerencia, todas las teorías administrativas que se puedan o quieran implementar en cualquier empresa, sin importar su giro, terminan con la medición de su estructura, de sus procesos o de sus resultados. En el caso de la vida hospitalaria, estos indicadores de gestión administrativa se han convertido en una herramienta esencial, porque todo lo que no se mide no puede ser mejorado y por tanto, deja de ser útil para una mejor toma de decisiones. Los indicadores de gestión hospitalaria, así son un instrumento de cambio en la estructura de la institución y miden el cumplimiento de los objetivos institucionales.
Measurement is the tool used by humans in all of his daily activities, no matter how simple or complicated. In the case of advanced management, all administrative theories from any business company end up with the measurement of indexes of its processes, structures and results. In the case of everyday hospital life, indexes of administrative management have evolved into an essential tool because things that can not be measured can not be improved; hence, they are worthless for the decision making process. Indexes of administrative management are tools to change the structure of an institution and measure the accomplishment of its objectives.